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What is ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

Compared to the PSTN, the most important feature of ISDN(Integrated Service Digital Network)is end-to-end digitalization, with terminals based on digital telephones (i.e. ISDN terminals) and a digital connection between the terminals and the switch (the so-called 2B+D BRI interface), which can transmit both voice and data at the same time (telephony and internet access at the same time).

The ISDN is very closely linked to the PSTN and can be considered to have been formed on top of the PSTN to support the expansion of data services.
In fact the ISDN is integrated with the core network of the PSTN network. The backbone switches at the location of the convergence and long distance bureaus are identical, and the end office switches generally support both analog and digital users as well.

The demand for data services developed so quickly that ISDN, which was born in response to data services, soon died in response to data services. The characteristics of data services are naturally different from those of voice services, and the demands on the network are also very different; the former has data volumes with asymmetric upstream and downstream bandwidth requirements; the latter has smooth data volumes and requires symmetric upstream and downstream bandwidth.

The ISDN's idea of unifying the design of voice and data to provide integrated services could not meet the needs of the rapid development of data services at that time.

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